Elevator & Parts Glossary
Core Elevator Systems You Should Understand
Elevator systems are typically divided into six major categories:
- Control system — governs movement and logic
- Door system — manages opening and safety
- Interface system — user interaction
- Safety system — protects passengers and equipment
- Mechanical system — provides structure and motion
- Power system — ensures continuous operation
Each of these plays a critical role in performance and maintenance.
Control System
Elevator Control System
An elevator control system manages all operational logic, including movement, speed regulation, door coordination, and safety interactions. It integrates hardware and software to control signals from sensors, buttons, and feedback devices. Modern systems use microprocessor-based architecture to optimize traffic flow, reduce energy consumption, and ensure real-time fault detection and system stability.
→ Used as the central control unit that governs the entire elevator operation.
👉 Explore how elevator control systems work → How Elevator Control Systems Manage Traffic, Safety, and Building Efficiency
Elevator Main Control Board
The elevator main control board is the core electronic component that processes input signals and executes system commands. It connects all subsystems, including drive, door, and safety components. A high-quality control board ensures stable communication, reduces system errors, and improves long-term reliability in both low-rise and high-rise elevator systems.
→ Installed inside the control cabinet to coordinate all elevator functions.
Elevator Controller
An elevator controller is a programmable device that determines how the elevator responds to user inputs and system conditions. It manages floor selection, dispatching logic, and operational sequencing. Controllers vary depending on building requirements and traffic patterns, with advanced versions offering intelligent scheduling and remote monitoring capabilities.
→ Used to manage elevator logic and user command execution.
Elevator Inverter
An elevator inverter controls the motor speed by adjusting electrical frequency and voltage. It enables smooth acceleration and deceleration, improving ride comfort and reducing mechanical stress. Inverter-driven systems also enhance energy efficiency and extend component lifespan, making them essential in modern elevator installations.
→ Used to regulate motor performance and ensure smooth operation.
Elevator Drive System
The elevator drive system includes the motor, inverter, and transmission components that physically move the elevator. It determines lifting capacity, speed, and operational efficiency. Common types include traction and hydraulic systems, each suited to different building heights and usage scenarios.
→ Responsible for generating and controlling elevator movement.
Elevator Encoder
An elevator encoder is a precision device that measures motor rotation, speed, and position. It provides real-time feedback to the control system, ensuring accurate stopping and leveling. Encoders are essential for maintaining smooth motion and preventing misalignment at floors, especially in high-speed elevator systems.
→ Used to ensure precise movement and accurate floor positioning.
👉 Learn more about elevator encoders → What Is Elevator Encoder
Elevator Resolver
An elevator resolver is a rotary sensor used to detect position and speed under harsh operating conditions. Compared to encoders, it offers greater durability against heat, vibration, and electrical interference. It is commonly used in industrial or heavy-duty elevator systems where reliability is critical.
→ Used in environments requiring stable performance under extreme conditions.
👉 Compare encoder vs resolver → Encoder vs Resolver
Elevator PG Card
An elevator PG (Pulse Generator) card processes pulse signals from encoders or similar devices and transmits them to the control system. It plays a key role in maintaining accurate speed control and motion feedback, ensuring synchronization between the motor and control unit.
→ Used for signal processing in motion control systems.
Elevator Signal System
The elevator signal system manages communication between different components such as buttons, displays, sensors, and controllers. It ensures that commands and feedback signals are transmitted accurately and efficiently, enabling coordinated system operation and reliable response to user inputs.
→ Used to handle internal communication across elevator systems.
Elevator Leveling System
The elevator leveling system ensures that the cabin stops precisely at floor level using sensor feedback and control adjustments. Accurate leveling improves passenger safety, accessibility, and overall ride quality, especially in buildings with high usage frequency.
→ Used to achieve precise alignment between cabin and floor.
Door System
Elevator Door System
The elevator door system includes all mechanical and electrical components responsible for opening, closing, and securing doors. It integrates motors, sensors, and locking mechanisms to ensure smooth operation and passenger safety. Reliable door systems reduce failure rates and improve overall system efficiency.
→ Used at both cabin and landing entrances.
👉 Learn more about elevator door system → What Is an Elevator Door System?
Elevator Door Operator
An elevator door operator is a device that controls the opening and closing motion of elevator doors. It regulates speed, force, and synchronization between door panels, ensuring smooth and safe operation under different load conditions.
→ Used to automate door movement cycles.
Elevator Landing Door
Elevator landing doors are installed at each floor and act as a protective barrier between the building and the elevator shaft. They only open when the cabin is present, preventing accidental access to the shaft.
→ Used at every floor entrance for safety separation.
Elevator Car Door
The elevator car door is mounted on the cabin and works in coordination with the landing door to allow passenger entry and exit. It is designed for durability and safety, especially in high-traffic environments.
→ Used inside the elevator cabin for passenger access.
Elevator Door Motor
The elevator door motor powers the door operator, enabling controlled opening and closing actions. High-performance motors reduce noise, improve speed consistency, and enhance reliability over time.
→ Used to drive door movement mechanisms.
Elevator Door Lock
An elevator door lock ensures that doors remain securely closed during operation and only open when the elevator is properly aligned with a floor. It is a critical safety component required by industry standards.
→ Used to prevent unsafe door opening.
Elevator Door Contact Switch
A door contact switch detects whether the door is fully closed and locked. It sends a signal to the control system to allow elevator movement, ensuring safe operation before travel begins.
→ Used for door status verification.
Elevator Door Sensor
Elevator door sensors detect obstacles in the door path and prevent doors from closing on passengers or objects. They improve safety and user experience by minimizing accidents and interruptions.
→ Used to detect obstructions during door operation.
Door Vane (Elevator)
A door vane is a mechanical component attached to the elevator cabin that interacts with landing door mechanisms. It triggers unlocking when the elevator reaches a floor, enabling synchronized door operation.
→ Used to activate landing door unlocking.
Door Interlock System
The door interlock system ensures that elevator doors remain locked during movement and only open under safe conditions. It integrates locks, switches, and control signals to maintain safety compliance.
→ Used to enforce safe door operation.
Buttons & Interface
Elevator Button
An elevator button is a user interface device used to send commands such as selecting floors or calling the elevator. It is designed for high durability, visibility, and frequent use, often incorporating LED indicators and tactile feedback for improved usability.
→ Used by passengers to interact with the elevator system.
Elevator Button Panel
An elevator button panel is a structured interface that houses multiple buttons, indicators, and displays. It allows users to control elevator functions efficiently and is designed for ease of use and long-term durability.
→ Installed inside cabins or at floor landings.
Elevator Call Button
An elevator call button is used to request an elevator from a specific floor. It sends signals to the control system, which then dispatches the nearest or most suitable elevator.
→ Used outside elevator doors for calling the elevator.
Elevator Hall Call Button
The hall call button is located in corridors and allows users to indicate travel direction, typically up or down. It helps optimize elevator dispatching and traffic flow.
→ Used in public or shared building spaces.
Elevator Car Operating Panel (COP)
The COP is installed inside the elevator cabin and includes floor selection buttons, emergency controls, and display indicators. It is the primary interface for passengers during travel.
→ Used for in-cabin control and interaction.
Elevator Landing Operating Panel (LOP)
The LOP is installed outside the elevator and provides call buttons and status indicators. It allows users to interact with the system before entering the cabin.
→ Used for external elevator control.
Elevator Touch Button
Elevator touch buttons use capacitive technology instead of mechanical switches. They offer a modern appearance, easier cleaning, and reduced wear compared to traditional push buttons.
→ Used in modern and smart elevator systems.
Elevator Push Button Switch
A push button switch is a mechanical interface that activates commands through physical pressing. It is widely used due to its reliability and simplicity in traditional elevator designs.
→ Used for standard elevator control inputs.
Elevator Emergency Button
The elevator emergency button allows passengers to trigger alarms or request assistance in case of malfunction or emergency. It is a mandatory safety feature in all elevator systems.
→ Used to alert support services during emergencies.
Safety System
Elevator Safety System
The elevator safety system includes all components designed to protect passengers and equipment. It integrates sensors, brakes, and control logic to prevent accidents and ensure safe operation under all conditions.
→ Used to maintain overall system safety.
Elevator Safety Gear
Safety gear is a mechanical device that stops the elevator by gripping guide rails when overspeed or failure occurs. It is activated automatically during emergencies.
→ Used to prevent uncontrolled movement.
Elevator Governor
The elevator governor monitors speed and triggers safety mechanisms if the elevator exceeds safe limits. It works closely with safety gear to stop the system when necessary.
→ Used to detect overspeed conditions.
Elevator Limit Switch
Limit switches define the upper and lower travel boundaries of the elevator. They prevent over-travel and protect the system from mechanical damage.
→ Used to control movement limits.
Elevator Buffer
Elevator buffers absorb impact energy if the elevator travels beyond its intended range. They are typically installed at the bottom of the shaft to reduce damage during extreme conditions.
→ Used for impact protection.
Elevator Emergency Brake
Emergency brakes provide immediate stopping power during system failure or hazardous situations. They work alongside safety gear and governors.
→ Used to stop the elevator instantly.
Elevator Overspeed Governor
This device specifically detects excessive speed and activates braking systems to prevent accidents. It is essential in high-speed elevators.
→ Used for advanced speed monitoring.
Elevator Rope Brake
A rope brake clamps the hoisting ropes to stop movement during emergency situations. It acts as an additional safety layer.
→ Used for secondary braking support.
Elevator Safety Circuit
The safety circuit ensures all safety components are functioning correctly before allowing operation. It continuously monitors system status.
→ Used to validate safe operating conditions.
Mechanical Components
Elevator Traction Machine
A traction machine drives the elevator using ropes and pulleys. It is widely used in modern elevators due to its efficiency and reliability.
→ Used to generate lifting force.
Elevator Guide Rail
Guide rails maintain alignment of the elevator cabin and counterweight during movement. They ensure smooth and stable operation.
→ Installed along the shaft.
Elevator Counterweight
The counterweight balances the load of the elevator cabin, reducing motor effort and energy consumption.
→ Used to improve system efficiency.
Elevator Wire Rope
Wire ropes connect the cabin and counterweight, transmitting motion from the traction machine. They are designed for high strength and durability.
→ Used for lifting operations.
Elevator Sheave
A sheave is a pulley that supports and guides the wire ropes. It is a key part of traction systems.
→ Used to direct rope movement.
Elevator Shaft
The shaft is the vertical structure that houses the elevator system. It provides space for movement and component installation.
→ Used as the operating environment for elevators.
Elevator Cabin
The elevator cabin is the enclosed space that carries passengers or goods. It is designed for safety, comfort, and durability.
→ Used for transportation within the building.
Power & Emergency System
Elevator ARD (Automatic Rescue Device)
An ARD automatically moves the elevator to the nearest floor during a power failure and opens the doors. It prevents passengers from being trapped.
→ Used during emergency power loss.
👉 Learn how elevator ARD works → What Is Elevator ARD
Elevator UPS System
A UPS system provides short-term backup power to maintain essential elevator functions during outages.
→ Used to support temporary operation.
👉 Compare ARD vs UPS systems → ARD vs UPS
Elevator Power Supply System
The power supply system provides electrical energy to all elevator components. It ensures stable and continuous operation.
→ Used to power the entire system.
Elevator Backup Power System
Backup power systems supply electricity during extended outages, often using batteries or generators.
→ Used for long-duration power support.
Emergency Lighting System (Elevator)
Emergency lighting provides illumination inside the cabin during power failure, ensuring visibility and passenger safety.
→ Used to maintain lighting during emergencies.
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